The Calcagno And Goodman Articles - 798 Words

The Calcagno and Goodman articles both have a similar goal with slightly different final trajectories and conclusions. The goal is to bring together biology and anthropology, and encourage cross-disciplinary research and holism within all of anthropologies sub-fields. They both recognize the importance and significance of holism, that has been lacking in the past of anthropology and how this should be improved upon in the future for the benefit of all of human health research. The pair differs in terms of the specifics of how to integrate biology and anthropology. Calcagno focuses on the holistic evidence being the driver to encourage biology in anthropology and anthropology in biology in order to promote holism. In contrast Goodman focuses on incorporating culture into human biology and encourage the use if cross discipline research as a method for achieving this. Calcagno (2003) emphasizes the importance of encouraging biocultural approaches to research. In order to be holistic it is necessary that the research used is widespread across the anthropological sub disciplines (Riley. E, 2006). Calcagno identifies how this approach is easily discussed in practice, but this can be significantly harder to produce successfully in practical settings. The tension surrounding this is due to preceding conflicts in procedures and philosophies disrupting their ability to coexist in the research subfields. Calcagno uses the data collected by Borofsky that indicated the holistic

Fighting Off Essay Writing Stress

It is the middle of the night, far beyond your usual bedtime, but you can’t go to sleep because the deadline for your essay is next morning and you still only managed to squeeze a couple of paragraphs out of your slowly curdling brains. You have no idea what to write next, and what you have already written is so pathetic you want to cry. Familiar? Thought so. Some people are actually only productive when under a lot of stress; they feel more alive than anytime else. Those who are not among them, however, need some methods of managing stress to get the task done. Essay Stress Management Planning. Tutors always repeat how important and helpful it is, and for a good reason. When the deadline is near, however, one may think that there is not enough time to plan and plunge right into writing. They can hardly be more wrong – planning really helps to save time and effort. Ten minutes spent on preparing a clear-cut plan will save you at least an hour of frustration later. Segment your work. Either on time or task basis. That is, either work for some time, then take a break (which is a good piece of advice even without a crisis, actually), or set a task, complete it, then take a short break. Make these tasks as little and definite as possible – for example, â€Å"cover the next point on your plan†. Don’t stare into your monitor. Sitting before your computer and panicking will not do you any good. It doesn’t save time, you won’t magically understand what you are supposed to do, the essay will not write itself. You probably think that doing anything else right now is stupid – it is not so. Take a break. Do something completely unrelated for a bit – do a dozen of push-ups, take a shower, go for a walk, whatever. It won’t be wasted time. Your mind is stuck in one gear, you need to change it, and it is the best way to do it. But Avoiding Stress Is Better It may sound trite, but a far better approach still is to avoid getting into situations like the one described in the beginning. You know that you have an essay to be written by a certain date. Why wait until the very last day? Parkinson’s Law states that work always takes up all the time available for its completion. Try to use it to your advantage and use the following strategy – move the deadline a day closer. Do all this hectic writing the day before you usually do it. Try to complete the task at all costs. This way, the real day before the deadline, you’ll get an opportunity to reread it and make corrections with a clear head.

Eating Disorders Has Affected The Lives Of Many Athletes...

Eating disorders have affected the lives of many athletes around the world. Being scared of being overweight but rather caused by an addiction to food can result in the development of an eating disorder. There are several reasons as to why someone may have an eating disorder such as the sports they play or even the worldly view of how an ideal body is supposed to be. They have an effect on the person’s health and also on their social interactions with others. Many sports where the player’s weight has to be maintained and judged can result in eating disorders. Sports such as gymnastics and track are known for their intense workouts and weight limits of those who participate. A few commonly identified eating disorders that some athletes have are bulimia and anorexia. Athletes who believe that their weight will influence or add to their performance usually try risky eating habits which result in eating disorders. According to research, it has been found that females make up a great percentage of those who have eating disorders. The National College Athletic Association also known as NCAA reports that â€Å"64 percent of member schools report at least one female athlete with a diagnosed eating disorder (Gaines, S.A., 2014).† Although this is true, there are males who have eating disorders as well. Athletes are sometimes pressured by their coaches to maintain a certain weight for a better performance or higher scores from judges which can lead to a disorder in their eating routine.Show MoreRelated Dance Difficulties Essay2223 Words   |  9 Pages As an extremely challenging and physically demanding pastime, it makes sense that a career in dance has lots of pressures that go along with it. This should come as no surprise seeing that every professional sport requires hard work and at least some sacrifice. It is questionable, however, if there is maybe too much pressure put on dancers in this day and age. Many people do not realize what it takes for a person to make it as a dancer, the dedication and drive the person must have. The fact ofRead MoreEating Disorders And Its Effects On The World1531 Words   |  7 PagesEating disorders By: Carli Brown Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara 6-4-15 Abstract: Eating disorders are very common throughout the world and millions suffer in the United States, especially in females. Scientists are continuing to study various eating disorders and trying to find the right treatments. Different places all over the country are working hard to study causes and effects of eating disorders using highly advanced technologies. Studying the brain can give usRead MoreBody Image, Eating Disorders and Advertising3063 Words   |  13 PagesBody Image, Eating Disorders and Advertising Body Image, Eating Disorders and Advertising We have all heard, â€Å"you are what you eat†; however, and maybe more importantly, you want to be what you watch or read. How does today’s advertising impact on your body image? The shaping of our concept of the ideal body image begins at a young age and continues though adulthood. It begins with our toys; that first Barbie you received on your sixth birthday; the one with the long blond flowing hairRead More Eating Disorders And Gymnastics Essay2469 Words   |  10 PagesEating Disorders And Gymnastics Eating disorders are especially common among athletes because the pressure of the sport environment frequently precipitates the onset of these problems. In this population, certain compulsive behaviors such as excessive exercise and restricted eating patterns are seen as acceptable, and pathogenic methods of weight control are often introduced. In addition, concern about body size and shape is increased because of the social influence for thinness [from coachesRead MoreMale Eating Disorders2574 Words   |  11 PagesReferences American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (1998). ANRED: Males with Eating Disorders. Retrieved November 18, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.anred.com/males.html Carlat, D.J., Camargo, C.A. Jr., Herzog, D.B. (1997). Eating Disorders in Males: A Report on 135 Patients. American Journal of Psychiatry. 154, 1127-1131. Crosscope-HappelRead More Male Eating Disorders Essay2485 Words   |  10 PagesEating Disorders in Males Eating disorders have traditionally been a â€Å"woman’s problem.† It has not been until recently that we have recognized the fact that males are suffering from these deadly disorders as well. It has been generally agreed upon that anywhere from five to 15 percent of all reported cases of eating disorders are attributed to men. This paper will examine its incidence in males and the physical and psychological aspects associated with having an eating disorder. First letsRead MoreDoes Media Influence Adolescent Girls Into Having Negative Body Images2580 Words   |  11 Pagesinfluence the media has upon all of society can have positive and negative effects on the public. The effect the media has on adolescent girls in regard to body image has had negative impacts, such as an obsession with body weight and what the society views as the â€Å"perfect body†. The media can be seen as partly responsible for the pressure adolescent females’ face in consideration to body issues. These pressures could be responsible for adolescent girls developing serious eating disorders such as anorexiaRead MoreThe, Beauty And The Beast, By Dave Barry1227 Words   |  5 PagesGavin Smith 11/18/15 Professor Danner EngWr300 Brainwashed Throughout their lives, women of all ages are constantly being bombarded with advertisements convincing them they must meet an ideal of the perfect body image. This is all thanks to companies that share a common goal to influence the mainstream population into believing they need to purchase certain products in order to compare to the impossible standards set by the beauty industry. In Dave Barry’s â€Å"BeautyRead MoreEssay On Body Image Issues In Sports1441 Words   |  6 Pagesbodies have their own individual way of reacting to the work we make them do. Sports and Fitness #2 Athletes and Body Image Issues. https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/eating-disorder/athletes-and-body-image-issues. The things we see in society, will most likely be seen in sports too, including the topic on body image issues. Sadly, those issues tend to be worse for athletes than for non-athletes, but especially females. Players have the same risk factors as those who don’t play sports, butRead More Eating Disorders in America Essay1939 Words   |  8 Pagessurvival. Without it, people die. However, oddly enough, many struggle to live without it to accomplish the standards that our culture has created for us. We are taught that being thin is perfection and will lead to a happier life. However, lurking are the health risks that one pays for obtaining the â€Å"perfect body†. Still, along with a distorted body image, others struggle with keeping weight down and fall into the diet fads that the world parades. From movies, magazines, and television, the media

Product Team Cialis Getting Ready to Market Essay

1. What are the most relevant dimensions to use to segment the patient market for ED treatment? Select only the most relevant! The most relevant dimensions to use in order to create useful segments for Cialis are: 1. Age 2. Demographic Demographic Marital Status 3. Income 4. Education 5. Psychographic Psychographic Life Stage/Occupation (Student, Employed or Retired) 6. Values 7. Usage Patterns Firstly, age is a valuable dimension due to the strong positive correlation to erectile dysfunction (ED) incidence. Secondly, as shown in the demographic data presented by Lilly ICOS, most men who suffer from ED are either married or living together with their partner. Being the influence of the spouse one of the†¦show more content†¦They try to have fun as much as possible and give great importance to some of these values: Wonder, Curiosity, Amusement, Pleasure, Daring, Independence, Energy, Open-Mindedness and Sensuality. B. Stable Husbands. People who belong in this group have ages between 30 and 65. We can describe them for being men with enduring relationships with their spouses, being either married or living together. Their levels of education are significant, therefore, the great majority has dependable, reliable employment and has gathered a medium/high amount of savings, due to their considerable level of income. This group has different usage patterns, so some of them are included in Viagra dropouts and others in Viagra current users. This segment attaches great consideration for some of these values: Organization, Competence, Accomplishment, Family, Confidence, Success, Stability and Credibility. C. Retired Seniors. People who belong in this group have ages above 65. Most of them have been living together with their partner for a long time and over the years have built a strong, solid relationship. They have medium/high level of education and are currently retired, so most of their time is spent enjoying each other’s company. Even though they may not have a very fruity income at the moment, they have accumulated aShow MoreRelatedProduct Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market832 Words   |  4 PagesLecture 10: Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market (case 12) 1-) The most relevant dimensions along which to segment the patient market for the Erectile Dysfuction (ED) treatment are demographic, psychographic and behavioral dimensions. With demographic segmentation, we divide the market into groups on the basis of variables such as age, family size, family life cycle, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, nationality and social class. The prevalence ofRead MoreEssay Product Team Cialis Getting Ready to Market1277 Words   |  6 PagesProduct Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market MKT Q1. In 2002, Viagra was the only clinically proven, FDA approved medication for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) on the market (Cialis – Dec 2003, Levitra – Sept 2003). Viagra had the highest brand recognition of any pharmaceutical product on the market. It had generated over one billion dollars in annual sales for 3 consecutive years since its introduction in 1998. In 2002, Viagra accounted for 5.3% ($1.73 billion) in sales of Pfizer’s annualRead MoreProduct Team Cialis Getting Ready to Market780 Words   |  4 PagesPositioning Case: Product Team Cialis_Getting Ready to Market (HBS 9-505-038) The Actors: - Mark Babato, the executive director and global product team leader for Cialis - Rob Brown, the global marketing director from Lilly - Leonard Blum, vice president of sales and marketing from ICOS - Sidney Taurel, Chairman of the Board, President and CEO of Lilly Problem Analysis: | |VIAGRA |CIALIS Read MoreCialis - Harvard Business School Case: Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market1439 Words   |  6 Pages1.Problem StatementLilly- ICOS LLC is about to launch a new and innovative product intended to help men suffering from Erectile Dysfunction (ED). Because of the unique product features, Cialis - the product - has good chances of becoming successful even though it is entering a segment, where Pfizers Viagra is the undisputed market leader. In this context, Lilly- ICOS LLC must decide on a marketing strategy, in particular which groups to target and which positioning thus which communication strategyRead MoreCialis Case Essay9153 Words   |  37 PagesHARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL 9-505-038 REV: JUl Y 2 8. 201 0 ElIE OFEK Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market It was early 2002, and Mark Barbato, the executive director and global product team leader for Cialis, knew he faced a daunting task: launching a medicine for the treatment of male impotence in a market with an established leader-Viagra. 1 Not only had Viagra been generating over $1 billion in sales annually for its parent company Pfizer for three consecutive years, butRead MoreCialis Hbs Case986 Words   |  4 PagesProduct Team Cialis Getting Ready to Market 1.- What trends you think could influence positively and negatively the ED market? The usual market for medication has only main target audience: doctors. They are the ones that will need to be ‘sold’ on the product while patients will mostly take whatever they are prescribed. This case is slightly different due to the fact that 1) the brand Viagra has an unusual high awareness among patients, and 2) the influencing factor of partners is high. ThisRead MoreCase Analysis Cialis Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesTracy Rucker Marketing Mid-Term 2012 March 1, 2012 Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market Brief Background Erectile dysfunction’ is the failure to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual experience. It affects 150 million men globally. In March1998, Viagra (Sildenafil) was the first oral medication approved for use in ‘erectile dysfunction. Viagra had a very successful launch with a total of 600,000 prescriptions filled in the first month (April 1998), andRead MoreCase Study - Cialis - Ready to Market6941 Words   |  28 PagesTable of Contents: Team Cialis A) Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 B) Situation Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 C) SWOT analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 1. Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 a. Opportunities b. Treats 2. The Firm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 a. Strengths b. Weaknesses D) Options Generated†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 E) Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 F) Suggested Plan of Implementation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages215 221 223 223 230 236 241 246 248 250 251 255 261 4 Market and environmental analysis 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the industry and market breakpoints Coming to terms with the very different future:

The Impact Of Feedback On The Workplace - 785 Words

During individual’s professional development process, he or she needs feedback for the purpose of continuous learning and growth. This week’s articles provide a comprehensive introduction to the role of feedback in the workplace. The concept of feedback is well known as a gift (Friedrich, 2012). Mindful leaders’ perspective here is to â€Å"understand how to skillfully offer both positive feedback that encourages behavior and feedback that is meant to be developmental† (Friedrich, 2012, p. 72). Once the gift-giving and receiving mindset have been reinforced, next is the appropriate way to deliver feedbacks, in other words, how to talk to others. Namhata (2011) has discussed how to communicate efficiently and appropriately by using the P3 rules – practice, practice and practice (p. 36). Speaking is an art; it works better when it is well-prepared before initiating a constructive conversation; in contrast, if it has been delivered poorly even with good motive, the recipient might not willing to consider the suggestion. Next in Golnaz Sari and Sophia Seto (2011)’s â€Å"Max performance feedback† article, they illustrate the importance of feedback in the workplace (p. 14). In addition to that, they categories the types of feedbacks – â€Å"positive feedback, negative feedback and no response feedback† (Sadri Seto, 2011, p. 16)- and the impacts of each type to the employee, especially how detrimental the absence of feedback can be. Other than feedback itself, â€Å"the organizational context alsoShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Characterization And Social Exchange Theories1408 Words   |  6 Pagesaccurate correlation with the LMX quality of organizational and employee performance (Sun, Chow, Chiu, Pan, 2013). Meta-analysis were used to examine the correlations between LMX and workplace performance in subordinates. However, the meta-analysis for this study did not include correlation LMX quality and workplace performance for a supervisor (Chiaburu, Lorinkova, Van Dyne , 2013). Researchers suggest the subordinates in a lower-quality LMX relationship feel pessimistic about their job environmentRead MoreEmployee Engagement Market Utilizing A Software As A Service ( Saas ) Distribution Model981 Words   |  4 PagesiLead360 is a mobile application for companies that want to alleviate the pain of leadership feedback, empower their management teams, and increase organizational performance. Unlike others, iLead360 connects the dots by inspiring leadership behaviors that will engage employees and deliver increased joy and satisfaction to the workplace. iLead360’s analytics result in customized content based on feedback and workplace ratings to help leaders learn and grow as they build high performance work environmentsRead MoreUnderstand how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace1565 Words   |  7 PagesIn Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 3: Health and Safety in the Health and Social Care Workplace Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 18/04/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand 1.1 how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace 1.2 1.3 In this assessment you will Task have the opportunity to No. present evidence that showsRead MoreRecent Customer Service Issues Within Cricket Equip1429 Words   |  6 PagesRecommendations for customer service actions and improvement. 1020am - 1050am 5. Staff feedback on how customer service can be improved. 1050am - 1120am 6. Staff training needs of customer service. 1120am - 1150am 7. Meeting closure and conclusion. 1150am - 1200am Part B Meeting purposes: To identify the reasons for the customer service complaints and find out the ways to improve its customer service standard and levels. Seek feedback on ideas and customer service training requirements: †¢ Listening and activeRead MoreReasons For The Customer Service Complaints1455 Words   |  6 PagesTo identify the reasons for the customer service complaints and find out the ways to improve its customer service standard and levels. Seek feedback on ideas and customer service training requirements: †¢ Listening and active listening: Cricket Equip’s staffs need to improve the required skills of active listening. This includes seeking information from what customers have informed, confirmed what they have informed and interpreting their requirements. †¢ asking questions to gain information, clarifyRead MoreTraining And Development For Employees1008 Words   |  5 Pagesreporting suspicious activity in the workplace and the evacuation plan in case of an emergency. Workplace Conduct Workplace conduct is a topic covered comprehensively in most employee handbooks. But new employees should be given focused training on conduct so that they understand what kind of behaviour is expected of them in the workplace. Topics to cover include the company dress code, scheduled breaks, policies on any kind of employee harassment and policies on workplace violence. Positional TrainingRead MoreOrganizational Characterization And Social Exchange Theories1130 Words   |  5 Pagescorrelation with the LMX quality of organizational and employee performance (Sun et al., 2013). Chiaburu and associates (2013) used meta-analysis to examine the correlations between LMX and workplace performance in subordinates. However, the meta-analysis for this study did not include correlation LMX quality and workplace performance for a supervisor. Fein and colleagues (2013) mention that researchers suggest the subordinates in a lower-quality LMX relationship feel pessimistic about their job environmentRead MoreThe Theory And Integrated Control Theory976 Words   |  4 PagesControl Theory. The Integrated Control Theory offers a design for analyzing and processing work motivation and organizational problem solving. It allows individuals to develop expectations, plan and execute actions, receive environmental feedback, compare feedback to expectations and adjust b ehavior accordingly (Klein, 1989). Klein chose the name control theory because it is a compilation of various overlapping theories of motivation. The theory also incorporated behavioral changes. Klein s integratedRead MoreStephanie Beck Address Customer Needs Essay example1647 Words   |  7 Pagescould be implemented in a workplace to identify and analyse customer needs, wants and expectations? To identify customer needs, you should first determine who your potential customers are help you develop a more detailed picture of them and understand how to target them. Your workplace could implement a system where all existing customers are either sent out a survey or given a phone call to determine how satisfied your customers are with your service and to provide feedback on what they expect fromRead MoreDecision Making Of The Workplace965 Words   |  4 Pagesdecisions that we as individuals make can impact numerous of aspects of our life. According to authors Robins and Judge (2009), â€Å"decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem† (Robins Judge 2009, p. 147). It is important to truly understand the importance of the decisions that we make throughout our everyday life. With job rotation and the job characteristic model decision making is in the workplace is truly important. Decision Making in the Workplace As we make decision throughout our day

Pakistan Steel Mills free essay sample

Topic: Privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills Subject: Pakistan Economic Policy Submitted By: M. Faizan Sohail (7133) Faculty: Shahid Iqbal Date of Submission: 12th August 2010 Pakistan Steel Mills Introduction: Pakistan Steel Mills is the producer of long rolled steel products in Karachi, Pakistan. The Pakistan Steel Mill is the countrys largest industrial undertaking having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of steel. The enormous dimensions of the project can be visualized from the construction inputs which involved the use of 1. 9 million cubic meters of concrete, 5. 70 million cubic meters of earth work (second to Tarbela Dam), 330,000 ton of machinery, steel structures and electrical equipment. It’s unloading and conveyor system at Port Qasim is the third largest in the world and its industrial water reservoir with a capacity of 110 million gallons per day is the largest in Asia. A 2. 5 km long sea water channel connects the sea water circulation system to the pla nt site with a consumption of 216 million gallons of sea water per day. Soviet Contribution to Steel Mill In January 1971 Pakistan and the USSR signed an agreement under which the latter agreed to provide techno-financial assistance for the construction of a coastal-based integrated steel mill at Karachi. The huge construction and erection work of an integrated steel mill, never experienced before in the country, was carried out by a consortium of Pakistani construction companies under the overall supervision of Soviet experts. Corporate Business and Net worth Pakistan Steel not only had to construct the main production units, but also a host of infrastructure facilities involving unprecedented volumes of work and expertise. Component units of the steel mills numbering over twenty, and each a big enough factory in its own right, were commissioned as they were completed between 1981 to 1985, with the Coke Oven and Byproduct Plant coming on stream first and the Galvanizing Unit last. Commissioning of Blast Furnace No. on 14 August, 1981 marked Pakistans entry into the elite club of iron and steel producing nations. The project was completed at a capital cost of Rs. 24,700 million. The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. Pakistan Steel today is the countrys largest industrial undertaking, having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of steel. Founders of Pakistan Still Mills The real founders of Pakistan Steel Mills are Prof. Dr. Niaz Muhammad, Wahab Siddiqui and Russian scientist Mikhail Koltokof. It was the hard work of Dr. Niaz Muhammad that thousands of scientists and technical staff got trained by him. His inspirations and innovations got him the highest award from President of Pakistan, and also from Government of Russia. The Government of Pakistan has given him Pride of Performance. His nomination for Nobel Prize was biggest respect what Pakistan achieved. Social obligations Pakistan Steel Mills, besides its core activities, has done a lot in making the environment in and around Pakistan Steel green and beautiful through the addition of three unique projects: the Quaid-I-Azam Park, The Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park and the Quaid-I-Azam Beach. The Quaid-I-Azam Park, which spreads out over an area of 45acre, consists of a series of six interconnected lakes, lush green lawns and grassy terraces, colorful flower beds, fountains, life- size steel-made models of wild and marine animals, a jogging track, a bird sanctuary and mini-zoo, as well as a childrens play and recreational ground and boating facilities. The other unique project, known as the Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park, has been established amidst the pleasing surroundings of Steel Town, featuring sloping grassy terraces all around for spectators and four diagonally-located hillocks with seating arrangements to provide a panoramic view of the game. This is spread over an area of 32000 sq. meters and is equipped with all the necessary facilities, conforming to international standards. The third project, Quaid-I-Azam Beach, is being developed with the aim to provide a seaside recreational spot to the employees of Pakistan Steel, especially those residing at Steel Town and Gulshan-e-Hadeed. Pakistan Steel is also on its way to establish Quaid-I-Azam National Park over a vast area of 400acre adjacent to Steel Town which shall be a tremendous contribution in the development of the environment. The organization also has a football team Pakistan Steel FC that currently competes in the Pakistan Premier League. History Privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills After independence in 1947, it did not take long for Pakistan to come to the realization that progressive industrial and economical development would be impossible without the possession of a self reliant iron and steel making plant. The dependence on imports would cause serious setbacks to the country along with an extortionately high import bill which would be impossible to support. In 1968, the Government of Pakistan decided that the Karachi Steel Project should be sponsored in the public sector, for which a separate Corporation, under the Companies Act, be formed. In pursuance of this decision, Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation Limited was incorporated as a private limited company to establish and run steel mills at Karachi. Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation concluded an agreement with V/o Tyaz Promexport of the USSR in January, 1969 for the preparation of a feasibility report for the establishment of a coastal-based integrated steel mill at Karachi. Bhutto  had signed a contract with the former USSR to help build the project. The project was estimated  to cost Rs 10 billion but was completed at a cost of Rs 30 billion and took ten years to finish. The foundation stone of this vital and gigantic project was laid on 30 December, 1973 by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. The steel mill project provided 20,000 jobs for workers from all over Pakistan. Unfortunately, from the very beginning plotting were launched by the bureaucracy against the workers in order to destroy their moral and ruin their potential. A propaganda campaign was started in the media to give the impression that the project was a burden on the national economy and that it was â€Å"a white elephant†. This campaign gradually became noisier  and  the idea that there were 8000 surplus workers who were a burden and needed to be gotten rid of was widely propagated. However, the bureaucracy and the press found it impossible to attack the workers due to the political strength and unity of the militant trade unions. With its propaganda having failed and its aims in ruins, the bureaucracy resorted to the traditional and criminal tactics of the ruling class – the tactic of â€Å"divide and rule†. In 1986 Zia-ul-haq dictatorship  began a series of brutal political assaults in Pakistan. The ruling class succeeded in generating racial  conflicts among workers, which  not only divided the workers but also weakened the labor movement. This tactic of â€Å"divide and rule† also affected Pakistan Steel. In 1988 the trade unions were divided on racial grounds which resulted in bloody hatred and ended  the traditional revolutionary unity of the unions. The labour movement was constantly harassed and its leadership degenerated and became demoralized. In 1992 Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif appointed a General, Sabeeh Qamar-uz-zaman, as chairman of Pakistan Steel. He was given the task of improving the situation and â€Å"normalizing† the working conditions. He imposed an undeclared ban on the trade unions at Pakistan Steel. Terror and the harassment  of the unions were  enforced in the name of discipline. An  internal security intelligence  unit, the  FIU, was also established and was headed by an army colonel. This notorious  intelligence unit discovered that 1500 workers were a â€Å"security risk†. These workers were punished and removed from their jobs. In 1995 Benazir Bhutto, in her second term in office, reinstated most of these workers. However not all of them were reinstated. During his second tenure in 1997, Nawaz Sharif  introduced  many reactionary anti-labour laws. The ex-chief of the FIU, Colonel Afzal, a batch mate of General Musharraf, was appointed as managing director of Pakistan Steel. This gentleman was twice suspended on corruption charges from his previous post as chief of the FIU, yet somehow he still merited the promotion to chairman. After Musharraf overthrew Nawaz Sharif in 1999, he introduced his â€Å"Seven Point Agenda† to the nation. Not surprisingly his top priority was the introduction of the brutal policies of rightsizing and downsizing, which in practice meant maximizing  unemployment. These policies  were sweetened with another Black Law: the Industrial Relations Ordinance 2000. In June 2000 the chairman of Pakistan Steel announced the immediate dismissal of 436 workers. The workers were informed in their dismissal orders that their services were no longer required. This was just the beginning however, and a new policy was enforced where workers were requested to enjoy the â€Å"benefits† of the VRP (Volunteer Retirement Policy). All of these laws and policies were exercised in the worst manner in Pakistan Steel; it became a model and an example to whole country, and to all workers and trade unions. 8500 jobs were ruthlessly cut by these barbaric policies. These sackings affected the workers deeply, and led to a change in consciousness. On December 31, 2001 the workers of Pakistan Steel organized a general strike against the anti-labor policies of the chairman and the government. The workers blocked all roads and access to the mill. On February 7, 2003 the workers again organized a strike. The authorities attempted to stop the strike by using the tactics of delay. But this only served to provoke the workers, and on March 8, 2003 the workers again blocked the roads. This time they also occupied the mill. This action paralyzed the authorities but unfortunately the struggle was lost because the workers were betrayed at the negotiating table by the trade union leadership. It was apparent that  this struggle could have galvanized the working class nationally  and that it could have found a mass basis. However, in the end it was drowned in petty compromises and conciliations. On December 30, 2003 Chairman Afzal was suddenly dismissed and again a General, Abdul Qayum was appointed as the new  chairman. He immediate gave the impression to the workers that the situation would be totally reversed and that the workers would not have to fear any  more suspensions or dismissals. He also announced an extension plan for Pakistan Steel that would create more jobs. However, just before initiating the extension plan, it was announced that Pakistan Steel would be privatised rather than proceed with the extension. This was a clear declaration of a severe attack on the rights of the workers. This was a clear attack  on their jobs and their working conditions. This declaration provoked 12,500 workers who are drawing the conclusion that they need to fight back. The government was not as lucky in the case of Pakistan Steel Mills as it had been with regard to certain other privatization deals.

Shylock is being portrayed as the victim or the villain in The Merchant of Venice Essay Example For Students

Shylock is being portrayed as the victim or the villain in The Merchant of Venice Essay The Merchant of Venice, deals with issues that have as much of a relevance, if not more, in todays society than they did in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century: money, discrimination and love between people that arent supposed to fall in love. Attitudes in the sixteenth century towards Jews meant that any Jewish character would have been expected to conform to a stereotype, like Marlowes Barabas in The Jew of Malta, a conventional comic play. Somebody in todays audience, would see Shylocks character flicker between being seen as a villain and being seen as a victim throughout the play, whereas people in the Elizabethan era and for at least 200 years after, would have seen Christianity as the superior religion and therefore Shylock would almost always be portrayed as a villain. Structurally speaking, The Merchant of Venice is technically a comedy, but the way in which the initially typical, evil character, in this case Shylock, can be seen to be victimised on several occasions throughout the play makes it something of a problem play. If Shakespeare had stuck more rigidly to the conventions of a typical comedys plot, then it would follow a storyline less like to be interpreted as having tragic elements. The other characters in the play also have more ambiguous qualities, which impact on the steady melodic flow of events that take place throughout the play. The play is also strange in that the characters that appear dominant through cross-dressing, maintain that authority when returning to their standard roles. This is unusual and uncommon amongst the expectations of an audience of that time period. Shylock first appears in The Merchant of Venice in act one scene three where he is seen negotiating the terms of a loan with Bassanio. Shylock is a Jewish moneylender from the Ghetto who makes his fortune lending people money and charging interest. From this first encounter with the character, we can immediately deduce some interesting character traits in Shylock. In this short section of text and his connection with Bassanio, we are able to uncover a sly element to Shylocks character. At first he seems cautious to lend Bassanio money because he is unsure if he will pay back all the money with the desired amount of interest. That is however, only up until the point at which Bassanio lays down Antonios name as surety for the loan, For the which Antonio shall be bound. At this point Shylock has the surety he needs but instead of granting the loan immediately, he continues to stall and ponder upon the subject. We can see from this that his general intention is to keep Bassanio guessing and unsure of his fortunes for as long as possible. Next Shylock asks to speak with Antonio, and when he appears, he speaks in a sudden aside telling the audience what he thinks of Antonio. I hate him for he is a Christian. His overall comments in his aside are indicative of his hatred towards Antonio. He goes into great detail over the grudge he bears Antonio, which defines him almost immediately as a villain. Although Shylock delivers to the audience a comprehensive list of the elements of Antonios character he despises, his only real justification for his hatred is Antonios religion. The fact that he says this in an aside shows that Shylock is cowardly as he is unable to speak to Antonios face but instead chooses to tell the audience his feelings without actually speaking to Antonio so as to avoid having to confront his bigotry. For this reason, the audience are likely to see him as a villainous character, intended to be bitter and relentless. Later on in the scene however, after Shylock has agreed with Bassanio the terms of the bond (three thousand ducats for three months to which Antonio shall be bound) we see him talking to Antonio as if he never agreed to the terms and as if he was still awaiting assurance from Antonio. He speaks of Jews in a general manner and explains some of the ways in which Jews are individually persecuted on a day-to-day basis. This is a very powerful speech in terms of Jewish persecution because, although Shylock is speaking about Jews to reflect on his own sufferings, it also becomes apparent that Shylock in a very indirect way, is speaking on behalf of all discriminated minorities throughout history, and this gives him a real sense of power and authority. There is continuity between the way that Hitler used his hatred for his people in the Jewish community, to present himself as a good Christian, and the way that Antonio expresses his faith. Antonios sub-conscious expressions make it obvious t o a modern audience that his own understanding of being a true Christian, comes from his hatred and abuse of Shylock rather than any real generosity or signs of mercy. Jewish Holy Scriptures lay emphasis on the necessity of peace and tranquillity within society, which is hugely contradicted by Shylocks eagerness to reap his revenge on Antonio so much so that he suspends all moral judgement in the situation. This fits in almost parallel to the way that Christians in the Twelfth century, expelling Jews from England, inflicted their cruel and harsh persecution on the Jews contradicting all their views of mercy and morality. When Shylock says, Suffrance is the badge of all our tribe. he is making a statement that looks forward in time from Shakespeares day as much as it looks back, from the point of a modern-day audience. His sense of suffering as a part of his religious identity is something that can be recognised as much today as then. Shylock is in a way a very domineering character, which is justified in his dedicated faith in his religion much more so than any of the other characters in the play, who are far more hypocritical. This is very commendable and is one of the only points in the play in which we can actually see Shylock behaving in a more righteous manor than any of the other characters. The Carceral Foucault's Discipline and Punish EssayHath not a Jew eyes; hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions; fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer that a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? At this point in he play we feel immense pity for Shylock who has faced so much inequality and intolerance from the Venetian people. However this pity soon turns to anger because no sooner has he finished saying how he has been so poorly treated, he begins talking about taking revenge. He says to Solanio and Salerino that if a Jew did wrong a Christian, the Christian would take his own brutal revenge accordingly so because a Christian has wronged him, he will do the same. By this point in the play, Shylocks character has been revealed so fully that the audience has seen almost all of the different aspects of his personality. This is the point at which Shylock labelled firmly as a victim or a villain once and for all. However the scene had been performed, Shakespeare would have left a lasting impression of Shylock on the audience be it one of a villain or a victim. In act three scene three, Antonio meets Shylock in the street just before the court case is about to begin. It is a short scene in which Shylock refers in conversation with Antonio, to the situation in which Antonio called Shylock a dog. Here again we feel that Shylock has been cruelly mistreated by the Christians. He is now able to enjoy his triumph over Antonio. Shylock explains that in the Biblical teachings, mercy was associated with the followers of Jesus, the Christians. But in Venice Shylock was an outcast and no one would show him mercy. He tells Antonio to expect no mercy from him. He says, Thou calldst me dog before thou hadst a cause, But since I am a dog, beware my fangs. He cant wait to take revenge on Antonio so by saying this he is trying to get his teeth into Antonio before his time comes in the courtroom. Shylock is portrayed very villainously here because, although he is describing his persecution which should in theory make that audience pity him, he says that if he actually is all of the foul, dirty things he, and all of the other Jews, have been called, then people should be wary of those things because they might just come back round and take their revenge. The final place Shylock appears is in the trial scene, act four scene one, where he is talking to the Duke. The Duke is trying to persuade Shylock that he has made his point and that the trial doesnt need to take place to prove any points. To this Shylock replies with a long speech commanding the Duke not to question his motives but accept that he will take what is rightfully his. In my opinion, Shylock is very commendable for his eagerness to remain above the temptation to let Antonio free after he is offered a vast amount of money to do so. Throughout the duration of the trial, Shylock deliberately refuses to show Antonio any kind of mercy, irrespective of the fact that he is warned many times that God will not take mercy on the day of judgement on any one who is unable to show mercy to his fellow man on earth. This makes us hate Shylock even more because it shows that he is willing to do risk everything to have the opportunity of killing the man he hates most in the whole of Venice. Towards the end of the scene, Portia, dressed as a lawyer, informs Shylock of one fact that had he been aware of it in the first place, would have dramatically changed his decision and the whole course of the trial. She said, that as he was a Jew, he was an alien in society and any alien that plotted against a true citizen of the state, a Christian, would be punishable by death, with his life in the hands of the Duke who determines what is punishment for a crime. In Shylocks case his individual punishment for conspiring to harm Antonio, was worse than death. He would have to give up half of everything he owned to his daughter and her new Christian husband. The other half had to go to Antonio, and Shylock was to become a Christian for the remainder of his life. This is the final point in the play where we feel pity towards Shylock because of the punishment he has to bear. This is opposed to the feeling that he got what he deserved as far as a punishment is concerned for all of the thi ngs he has done to numerous characters throughout the play. Shylock is the most memorable character in the play because of Shakespeares excellent characterization of him. Shylock is in some ways presented as a typical scapegoat in the play, and he is easily portrayed as an evil character because he stands in the way of love, and so desperately seeks brutal revenge on Antonio. Shakespeares manipulation of our feelings for Shylock is the one element that makes the play what it is. He gave Shylock the ability to make us hate him viciously and deeply sympathise with him at the same time. In todays society, where religion is on the whole less important to the lives of most people, I believe that sympathy for Shylock would prevail, as an audience would recognise that Shylock is subject to human frailties. In Shakespearean times however, Shylock would have been afforded no such pity. Religion structured society and those falling on the wrong side were considered to be in the wrong at the outset. Consequently, without doubt, Shylock would have been regarded as the villain of the piece.