Political Science Politics of the Developing World - 1925 Words

Political Science: Politics of the Developing World (Essay Sample) Content: POLITICAL SCIENCENameCourseDatePolitical ScienceIntroductionIraqs population comprising of approximately 33 million citizens has a distinct religious as well as ethnic diversity. The population has a big number of religious and ethnic minorities such as Christians, Assyrians, Yezidis, Turkmens, and Kurds. Islam is the dominant religion in Iraq with approximately 96 percent followers. The minority ethnic and religious groups face discrimination in both political and social spheres and the governments response is yet to record positive progress. Despite an inclusive constitution that embraces all religions and ethnicities in Iraq, cases of discrimination against these populations are high and the state should think of a better way of achieving equality for all, for instance, by charging violators in a court of law.The Iraq constitution acknowledges the multiple nationalities of the state besides its diverse religious beliefs and sects. Further, the constitution recogniz es Arabic and Kurdish as the two official languages. Iraq further extends linguistic rights to Syriac and Turkmen languages. The constitution is non-discriminative and embraces equality of all Iraqs. Further, it emphasizes fair treatment of all the citizens in different spheres such as cultural, educational, administrative, and political. However, these robust provisions are rarely accessible by the Iraq minorities who do not even have the room to exercise their basic human rights regardless of Iraq guaranteeing them these authorities in the constitution.The political system of Iraq, for instance, does not include minorities who thus lack a representation which is the biggest challenge that faces the minority ethnicities in the country. The government thus neglects the interests and concerns of the ethnic minorities since they do not have a political figure to voice their needs and wants to the state. Further, minority populations in Iraq do not enjoy any protection regardless of their ethnic status.The government neglects them and instead treats them as religious minorities that are predominant in the region. The negligence by the government has forced most of the ethnicities to identify themselves as part of larger minority categories. Some of the minorities that have since shifted to identifying themselves with the larger Kurdish majority include the Faili Kurds and the Shabaks. When Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq, the Yazidis identified themselves as Arabs, and this politicization of their identity has led to severe violence attacks against them.Christian Armenians and Assyrians have encountered a similar situation of forced identity. In 2009, these religious groups succeeded in securing political positions during the provincial elections, a move that attracted various threats to their security. The Bahais suffer from prohibitions from owning national identity cards especially those born in the last three decades. As a result, they do not have access to pa ssports or other citizenship documents and cannot thus leave Iraq to other countries or enroll in schools.Minority groups in Iraq do not exercise the freedom of expression due to the severe linguistic restrictions present in the state. The constitution guarantees the minorities the freedom of expression, but these rights remain unexplored as the schools, for instance, restrict the Turkmen from teaching their language to students. These restrictions on using some ethnic languages in Iraq have created severe consequences such as the endangerment of some dialects, for instance, Aramaic (Assyrian).Religious discrimination characterizes the state of Iraq with minority religions being victims of persecution. The Christian minorities, for instance, face frequent attacks including the 2010 events witnessed in Mosul where people would be stopped in the streets and ordered to produce their identity cards. Those with Assyria or Christian names were shot dead. The Yazidis also suffer from rel igious discriminations such as the 2007 episode which involved attacking all the groups involved in the sale of alcohol with the biggest share of traders being the Yazidis. Ten more alcohol sellers of the Yazidis origin faced death on May 14, 2013 in Baghdad while working in an alcohol shop. The Kaka is and Bahais have on several occasions become suffered due to the state propaganda which subjects them to various attacks. Iraq associates the Kaka is with devil worshipping while the Bahais are portrayed as heretics and apostates. The Turkmen and Armenians witness the bombing down of their churches on frequent basis.The minorities in Iraq become victims of forced internal displacement. Through the Baath regime which was in power until 2008, the minorities lost their property such as land. The regime used land grabbing and confiscation as its assimilation policies. After its fall, these acts of grabbing land from the minorities continued. However, in the present day, cases of land gr abbing have subsidized, but the victims of internal displacement are yet to receive compensation. Moreover, they encounter frequent property disputes with either the Arab majority or the residents of the region. The Iraq Property Claims Commission has proved ineffective in resolving the land disputes, and the minorities thus have little faith in the agency to offer them a lasting solution. The residents of Bashir in northern Iraq are the major populations caught between these conflicts which are unlikely to offer them a satisfactory answer or restore their lost property. On the same note, Palestinians and the Roma are incapable of obtaining long-term residency and are thus continually weighed down by registration requirements.The judicial service system in Iraq acts unfairly towards religious and ethnic minorities. Some of the limitations they face as a result of the inefficiencies of the system include the lack of protection from the targeted violent episodes. Moreover, minoritie s suffer from prohibitions from exercising their political, economic, social, civil, and cultural rights. On the same note, the minority populations have limited access to identity documents as citizenship or national ID cards.Both ethnic and religious minorities in Iraq face the lack of sufficient security protection as they are often victims of targeted violent attacks. Some regions ion Iraq highly politicize religion and ethnicity thus increasing the security risks of the minorities in areas such as Salahaddin, Kirkuk, Nineveh, and Diyala. These regions are identified as Disputed Internal Boundaries (DIBS) and put the religious and ethnic minorities at a high risk of targeted violence.Government ResponseThe Iraq constitution extends religious liberty to all its citizens but recognizes Islam as the official religion in the country. As a result, Islam is Iraqs source of legislation, and the country does not enact any laws that are contrary to the provisions of Islam. On the same note, the constitution outlines that Iraq shall refrain from enacting laws that contradict the laid out principles of democracy and basic freedoms and rights of the citizens. Both Muslims and non-Muslims enjoy the provision of freedom in their religious beliefs. The government advocates the acceptance of all religious groups in the country and emphasizes that every religious group should feel free to practice its traditions. In November 24, 2010, the Iraq government proved its stance on protecting all religious groups in the country by approving a document presented by the Council of Representatives which urged the state to provide protection over the Christians in Iraq. The October 31 attack on the Sayidat al-Najat Church aroused negative emotions among political and religious leaders from different faiths and denominations. In response, the Iraq government helped the church through offering funds for reconstruction. Further, the state, through its prime minister, ensured the c hurch and all other Christian denomination received long-term extra security. The Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) also welcomed Christians freeing from the insecurities in Baghdad on a temporal basis. Further, KRG provides some social services to the minorities such as paying instructors to teach Yezidi religious instructions to students in state-funded schools. Political representation of the minority groups has increased since individuals from these populations hold senior positions in national and central governments as well as the KRG. The Iraq Council of Ministers (COM) incorporated two ministers of the Christian background to manage the human rights and industry and minerals dockets. Moreover, COM included one Yezidi minister to run the civil society affairs. In December 2010, COM appointed one minority member to join its team. The composition of the Kurdistan Region Council of Ministers comprises of two Christian ministers to run the finance and civil society dockets r espectively. Two of the prominent Yezidis are ministers without portfolios in the Kurdistan Region Council of Ministers. Irrespective of the governments significant efforts in increasing the safety of the minority populations as well as integrating them with the larger categories, there is little impact. These efforts have not yielded positively as reports by the Institute for International Law and Human Rights (IILHR) indicate multiple challenges encountered by the minorities. The study utilized data gathered from 2010 to 2013 and concluded that religious and ethnic groups in Iraq still face discrimination, displacement, arbitrary arrest and detention, intimidation, and frequent bombings. On the same note, religious and ethnic minorities in Iraq are currently facing marginalization. On the same note, minorities face un...

The Calcagno And Goodman Articles - 798 Words

The Calcagno and Goodman articles both have a similar goal with slightly different final trajectories and conclusions. The goal is to bring together biology and anthropology, and encourage cross-disciplinary research and holism within all of anthropologies sub-fields. They both recognize the importance and significance of holism, that has been lacking in the past of anthropology and how this should be improved upon in the future for the benefit of all of human health research. The pair differs in terms of the specifics of how to integrate biology and anthropology. Calcagno focuses on the holistic evidence being the driver to encourage biology in anthropology and anthropology in biology in order to promote holism. In contrast Goodman focuses on incorporating culture into human biology and encourage the use if cross discipline research as a method for achieving this. Calcagno (2003) emphasizes the importance of encouraging biocultural approaches to research. In order to be holistic it is necessary that the research used is widespread across the anthropological sub disciplines (Riley. E, 2006). Calcagno identifies how this approach is easily discussed in practice, but this can be significantly harder to produce successfully in practical settings. The tension surrounding this is due to preceding conflicts in procedures and philosophies disrupting their ability to coexist in the research subfields. Calcagno uses the data collected by Borofsky that indicated the holistic

Fighting Off Essay Writing Stress

It is the middle of the night, far beyond your usual bedtime, but you can’t go to sleep because the deadline for your essay is next morning and you still only managed to squeeze a couple of paragraphs out of your slowly curdling brains. You have no idea what to write next, and what you have already written is so pathetic you want to cry. Familiar? Thought so. Some people are actually only productive when under a lot of stress; they feel more alive than anytime else. Those who are not among them, however, need some methods of managing stress to get the task done. Essay Stress Management Planning. Tutors always repeat how important and helpful it is, and for a good reason. When the deadline is near, however, one may think that there is not enough time to plan and plunge right into writing. They can hardly be more wrong – planning really helps to save time and effort. Ten minutes spent on preparing a clear-cut plan will save you at least an hour of frustration later. Segment your work. Either on time or task basis. That is, either work for some time, then take a break (which is a good piece of advice even without a crisis, actually), or set a task, complete it, then take a short break. Make these tasks as little and definite as possible – for example, â€Å"cover the next point on your plan†. Don’t stare into your monitor. Sitting before your computer and panicking will not do you any good. It doesn’t save time, you won’t magically understand what you are supposed to do, the essay will not write itself. You probably think that doing anything else right now is stupid – it is not so. Take a break. Do something completely unrelated for a bit – do a dozen of push-ups, take a shower, go for a walk, whatever. It won’t be wasted time. Your mind is stuck in one gear, you need to change it, and it is the best way to do it. But Avoiding Stress Is Better It may sound trite, but a far better approach still is to avoid getting into situations like the one described in the beginning. You know that you have an essay to be written by a certain date. Why wait until the very last day? Parkinson’s Law states that work always takes up all the time available for its completion. Try to use it to your advantage and use the following strategy – move the deadline a day closer. Do all this hectic writing the day before you usually do it. Try to complete the task at all costs. This way, the real day before the deadline, you’ll get an opportunity to reread it and make corrections with a clear head.

Eating Disorders Has Affected The Lives Of Many Athletes...

Eating disorders have affected the lives of many athletes around the world. Being scared of being overweight but rather caused by an addiction to food can result in the development of an eating disorder. There are several reasons as to why someone may have an eating disorder such as the sports they play or even the worldly view of how an ideal body is supposed to be. They have an effect on the person’s health and also on their social interactions with others. Many sports where the player’s weight has to be maintained and judged can result in eating disorders. Sports such as gymnastics and track are known for their intense workouts and weight limits of those who participate. A few commonly identified eating disorders that some athletes have are bulimia and anorexia. Athletes who believe that their weight will influence or add to their performance usually try risky eating habits which result in eating disorders. According to research, it has been found that females make up a great percentage of those who have eating disorders. The National College Athletic Association also known as NCAA reports that â€Å"64 percent of member schools report at least one female athlete with a diagnosed eating disorder (Gaines, S.A., 2014).† Although this is true, there are males who have eating disorders as well. Athletes are sometimes pressured by their coaches to maintain a certain weight for a better performance or higher scores from judges which can lead to a disorder in their eating routine.Show MoreRelated Dance Difficulties Essay2223 Words   |  9 Pages As an extremely challenging and physically demanding pastime, it makes sense that a career in dance has lots of pressures that go along with it. This should come as no surprise seeing that every professional sport requires hard work and at least some sacrifice. It is questionable, however, if there is maybe too much pressure put on dancers in this day and age. Many people do not realize what it takes for a person to make it as a dancer, the dedication and drive the person must have. The fact ofRead MoreEating Disorders And Its Effects On The World1531 Words   |  7 PagesEating disorders By: Carli Brown Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara 6-4-15 Abstract: Eating disorders are very common throughout the world and millions suffer in the United States, especially in females. Scientists are continuing to study various eating disorders and trying to find the right treatments. Different places all over the country are working hard to study causes and effects of eating disorders using highly advanced technologies. Studying the brain can give usRead MoreBody Image, Eating Disorders and Advertising3063 Words   |  13 PagesBody Image, Eating Disorders and Advertising Body Image, Eating Disorders and Advertising We have all heard, â€Å"you are what you eat†; however, and maybe more importantly, you want to be what you watch or read. How does today’s advertising impact on your body image? The shaping of our concept of the ideal body image begins at a young age and continues though adulthood. It begins with our toys; that first Barbie you received on your sixth birthday; the one with the long blond flowing hairRead More Eating Disorders And Gymnastics Essay2469 Words   |  10 PagesEating Disorders And Gymnastics Eating disorders are especially common among athletes because the pressure of the sport environment frequently precipitates the onset of these problems. In this population, certain compulsive behaviors such as excessive exercise and restricted eating patterns are seen as acceptable, and pathogenic methods of weight control are often introduced. In addition, concern about body size and shape is increased because of the social influence for thinness [from coachesRead MoreMale Eating Disorders2574 Words   |  11 PagesReferences American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (1998). ANRED: Males with Eating Disorders. Retrieved November 18, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.anred.com/males.html Carlat, D.J., Camargo, C.A. Jr., Herzog, D.B. (1997). Eating Disorders in Males: A Report on 135 Patients. American Journal of Psychiatry. 154, 1127-1131. 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The media can be seen as partly responsible for the pressure adolescent females’ face in consideration to body issues. These pressures could be responsible for adolescent girls developing serious eating disorders such as anorexiaRead MoreThe, Beauty And The Beast, By Dave Barry1227 Words   |  5 PagesGavin Smith 11/18/15 Professor Danner EngWr300 Brainwashed Throughout their lives, women of all ages are constantly being bombarded with advertisements convincing them they must meet an ideal of the perfect body image. This is all thanks to companies that share a common goal to influence the mainstream population into believing they need to purchase certain products in order to compare to the impossible standards set by the beauty industry. In Dave Barry’s â€Å"BeautyRead MoreEssay On Body Image Issues In Sports1441 Words   |  6 Pagesbodies have their own individual way of reacting to the work we make them do. Sports and Fitness #2 Athletes and Body Image Issues. https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/eating-disorder/athletes-and-body-image-issues. The things we see in society, will most likely be seen in sports too, including the topic on body image issues. Sadly, those issues tend to be worse for athletes than for non-athletes, but especially females. Players have the same risk factors as those who don’t play sports, butRead More Eating Disorders in America Essay1939 Words   |  8 Pagessurvival. Without it, people die. However, oddly enough, many struggle to live without it to accomplish the standards that our culture has created for us. We are taught that being thin is perfection and will lead to a happier life. However, lurking are the health risks that one pays for obtaining the â€Å"perfect body†. Still, along with a distorted body image, others struggle with keeping weight down and fall into the diet fads that the world parades. From movies, magazines, and television, the media

Product Team Cialis Getting Ready to Market Essay

1. What are the most relevant dimensions to use to segment the patient market for ED treatment? Select only the most relevant! The most relevant dimensions to use in order to create useful segments for Cialis are: 1. Age 2. Demographic Demographic Marital Status 3. Income 4. Education 5. Psychographic Psychographic Life Stage/Occupation (Student, Employed or Retired) 6. Values 7. Usage Patterns Firstly, age is a valuable dimension due to the strong positive correlation to erectile dysfunction (ED) incidence. Secondly, as shown in the demographic data presented by Lilly ICOS, most men who suffer from ED are either married or living together with their partner. Being the influence of the spouse one of the†¦show more content†¦They try to have fun as much as possible and give great importance to some of these values: Wonder, Curiosity, Amusement, Pleasure, Daring, Independence, Energy, Open-Mindedness and Sensuality. B. Stable Husbands. People who belong in this group have ages between 30 and 65. We can describe them for being men with enduring relationships with their spouses, being either married or living together. Their levels of education are significant, therefore, the great majority has dependable, reliable employment and has gathered a medium/high amount of savings, due to their considerable level of income. This group has different usage patterns, so some of them are included in Viagra dropouts and others in Viagra current users. This segment attaches great consideration for some of these values: Organization, Competence, Accomplishment, Family, Confidence, Success, Stability and Credibility. C. Retired Seniors. People who belong in this group have ages above 65. Most of them have been living together with their partner for a long time and over the years have built a strong, solid relationship. They have medium/high level of education and are currently retired, so most of their time is spent enjoying each other’s company. Even though they may not have a very fruity income at the moment, they have accumulated aShow MoreRelatedProduct Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market832 Words   |  4 PagesLecture 10: Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market (case 12) 1-) The most relevant dimensions along which to segment the patient market for the Erectile Dysfuction (ED) treatment are demographic, psychographic and behavioral dimensions. With demographic segmentation, we divide the market into groups on the basis of variables such as age, family size, family life cycle, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, nationality and social class. The prevalence ofRead MoreEssay Product Team Cialis Getting Ready to Market1277 Words   |  6 PagesProduct Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market MKT Q1. In 2002, Viagra was the only clinically proven, FDA approved medication for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) on the market (Cialis – Dec 2003, Levitra – Sept 2003). Viagra had the highest brand recognition of any pharmaceutical product on the market. It had generated over one billion dollars in annual sales for 3 consecutive years since its introduction in 1998. In 2002, Viagra accounted for 5.3% ($1.73 billion) in sales of Pfizer’s annualRead MoreProduct Team Cialis Getting Ready to Market780 Words   |  4 PagesPositioning Case: Product Team Cialis_Getting Ready to Market (HBS 9-505-038) The Actors: - Mark Babato, the executive director and global product team leader for Cialis - Rob Brown, the global marketing director from Lilly - Leonard Blum, vice president of sales and marketing from ICOS - Sidney Taurel, Chairman of the Board, President and CEO of Lilly Problem Analysis: | |VIAGRA |CIALIS Read MoreCialis - Harvard Business School Case: Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market1439 Words   |  6 Pages1.Problem StatementLilly- ICOS LLC is about to launch a new and innovative product intended to help men suffering from Erectile Dysfunction (ED). Because of the unique product features, Cialis - the product - has good chances of becoming successful even though it is entering a segment, where Pfizers Viagra is the undisputed market leader. In this context, Lilly- ICOS LLC must decide on a marketing strategy, in particular which groups to target and which positioning thus which communication strategyRead MoreCialis Case Essay9153 Words   |  37 PagesHARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL 9-505-038 REV: JUl Y 2 8. 201 0 ElIE OFEK Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market It was early 2002, and Mark Barbato, the executive director and global product team leader for Cialis, knew he faced a daunting task: launching a medicine for the treatment of male impotence in a market with an established leader-Viagra. 1 Not only had Viagra been generating over $1 billion in sales annually for its parent company Pfizer for three consecutive years, butRead MoreCialis Hbs Case986 Words   |  4 PagesProduct Team Cialis Getting Ready to Market 1.- What trends you think could influence positively and negatively the ED market? The usual market for medication has only main target audience: doctors. They are the ones that will need to be ‘sold’ on the product while patients will mostly take whatever they are prescribed. This case is slightly different due to the fact that 1) the brand Viagra has an unusual high awareness among patients, and 2) the influencing factor of partners is high. ThisRead MoreCase Analysis Cialis Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesTracy Rucker Marketing Mid-Term 2012 March 1, 2012 Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market Brief Background Erectile dysfunction’ is the failure to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual experience. It affects 150 million men globally. In March1998, Viagra (Sildenafil) was the first oral medication approved for use in ‘erectile dysfunction. Viagra had a very successful launch with a total of 600,000 prescriptions filled in the first month (April 1998), andRead MoreCase Study - Cialis - Ready to Market6941 Words   |  28 PagesTable of Contents: Team Cialis A) Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 B) Situation Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 C) SWOT analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 1. Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 a. Opportunities b. Treats 2. The Firm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 a. Strengths b. Weaknesses D) Options Generated†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 E) Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 F) Suggested Plan of Implementation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages215 221 223 223 230 236 241 246 248 250 251 255 261 4 Market and environmental analysis 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the industry and market breakpoints Coming to terms with the very different future:

The Impact Of Feedback On The Workplace - 785 Words

During individual’s professional development process, he or she needs feedback for the purpose of continuous learning and growth. This week’s articles provide a comprehensive introduction to the role of feedback in the workplace. The concept of feedback is well known as a gift (Friedrich, 2012). Mindful leaders’ perspective here is to â€Å"understand how to skillfully offer both positive feedback that encourages behavior and feedback that is meant to be developmental† (Friedrich, 2012, p. 72). Once the gift-giving and receiving mindset have been reinforced, next is the appropriate way to deliver feedbacks, in other words, how to talk to others. Namhata (2011) has discussed how to communicate efficiently and appropriately by using the P3 rules – practice, practice and practice (p. 36). Speaking is an art; it works better when it is well-prepared before initiating a constructive conversation; in contrast, if it has been delivered poorly even with good motive, the recipient might not willing to consider the suggestion. Next in Golnaz Sari and Sophia Seto (2011)’s â€Å"Max performance feedback† article, they illustrate the importance of feedback in the workplace (p. 14). In addition to that, they categories the types of feedbacks – â€Å"positive feedback, negative feedback and no response feedback† (Sadri Seto, 2011, p. 16)- and the impacts of each type to the employee, especially how detrimental the absence of feedback can be. Other than feedback itself, â€Å"the organizational context alsoShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Characterization And Social Exchange Theories1408 Words   |  6 Pagesaccurate correlation with the LMX quality of organizational and employee performance (Sun, Chow, Chiu, Pan, 2013). 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Pakistan Steel Mills free essay sample

Topic: Privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills Subject: Pakistan Economic Policy Submitted By: M. Faizan Sohail (7133) Faculty: Shahid Iqbal Date of Submission: 12th August 2010 Pakistan Steel Mills Introduction: Pakistan Steel Mills is the producer of long rolled steel products in Karachi, Pakistan. The Pakistan Steel Mill is the countrys largest industrial undertaking having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of steel. The enormous dimensions of the project can be visualized from the construction inputs which involved the use of 1. 9 million cubic meters of concrete, 5. 70 million cubic meters of earth work (second to Tarbela Dam), 330,000 ton of machinery, steel structures and electrical equipment. It’s unloading and conveyor system at Port Qasim is the third largest in the world and its industrial water reservoir with a capacity of 110 million gallons per day is the largest in Asia. A 2. 5 km long sea water channel connects the sea water circulation system to the pla nt site with a consumption of 216 million gallons of sea water per day. Soviet Contribution to Steel Mill In January 1971 Pakistan and the USSR signed an agreement under which the latter agreed to provide techno-financial assistance for the construction of a coastal-based integrated steel mill at Karachi. The huge construction and erection work of an integrated steel mill, never experienced before in the country, was carried out by a consortium of Pakistani construction companies under the overall supervision of Soviet experts. Corporate Business and Net worth Pakistan Steel not only had to construct the main production units, but also a host of infrastructure facilities involving unprecedented volumes of work and expertise. Component units of the steel mills numbering over twenty, and each a big enough factory in its own right, were commissioned as they were completed between 1981 to 1985, with the Coke Oven and Byproduct Plant coming on stream first and the Galvanizing Unit last. Commissioning of Blast Furnace No. on 14 August, 1981 marked Pakistans entry into the elite club of iron and steel producing nations. The project was completed at a capital cost of Rs. 24,700 million. The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. Pakistan Steel today is the countrys largest industrial undertaking, having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of steel. Founders of Pakistan Still Mills The real founders of Pakistan Steel Mills are Prof. Dr. Niaz Muhammad, Wahab Siddiqui and Russian scientist Mikhail Koltokof. It was the hard work of Dr. Niaz Muhammad that thousands of scientists and technical staff got trained by him. His inspirations and innovations got him the highest award from President of Pakistan, and also from Government of Russia. The Government of Pakistan has given him Pride of Performance. His nomination for Nobel Prize was biggest respect what Pakistan achieved. Social obligations Pakistan Steel Mills, besides its core activities, has done a lot in making the environment in and around Pakistan Steel green and beautiful through the addition of three unique projects: the Quaid-I-Azam Park, The Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park and the Quaid-I-Azam Beach. The Quaid-I-Azam Park, which spreads out over an area of 45acre, consists of a series of six interconnected lakes, lush green lawns and grassy terraces, colorful flower beds, fountains, life- size steel-made models of wild and marine animals, a jogging track, a bird sanctuary and mini-zoo, as well as a childrens play and recreational ground and boating facilities. The other unique project, known as the Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park, has been established amidst the pleasing surroundings of Steel Town, featuring sloping grassy terraces all around for spectators and four diagonally-located hillocks with seating arrangements to provide a panoramic view of the game. This is spread over an area of 32000 sq. meters and is equipped with all the necessary facilities, conforming to international standards. The third project, Quaid-I-Azam Beach, is being developed with the aim to provide a seaside recreational spot to the employees of Pakistan Steel, especially those residing at Steel Town and Gulshan-e-Hadeed. Pakistan Steel is also on its way to establish Quaid-I-Azam National Park over a vast area of 400acre adjacent to Steel Town which shall be a tremendous contribution in the development of the environment. The organization also has a football team Pakistan Steel FC that currently competes in the Pakistan Premier League. History Privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills After independence in 1947, it did not take long for Pakistan to come to the realization that progressive industrial and economical development would be impossible without the possession of a self reliant iron and steel making plant. The dependence on imports would cause serious setbacks to the country along with an extortionately high import bill which would be impossible to support. In 1968, the Government of Pakistan decided that the Karachi Steel Project should be sponsored in the public sector, for which a separate Corporation, under the Companies Act, be formed. In pursuance of this decision, Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation Limited was incorporated as a private limited company to establish and run steel mills at Karachi. Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation concluded an agreement with V/o Tyaz Promexport of the USSR in January, 1969 for the preparation of a feasibility report for the establishment of a coastal-based integrated steel mill at Karachi. Bhutto  had signed a contract with the former USSR to help build the project. The project was estimated  to cost Rs 10 billion but was completed at a cost of Rs 30 billion and took ten years to finish. The foundation stone of this vital and gigantic project was laid on 30 December, 1973 by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. The steel mill project provided 20,000 jobs for workers from all over Pakistan. Unfortunately, from the very beginning plotting were launched by the bureaucracy against the workers in order to destroy their moral and ruin their potential. A propaganda campaign was started in the media to give the impression that the project was a burden on the national economy and that it was â€Å"a white elephant†. This campaign gradually became noisier  and  the idea that there were 8000 surplus workers who were a burden and needed to be gotten rid of was widely propagated. However, the bureaucracy and the press found it impossible to attack the workers due to the political strength and unity of the militant trade unions. With its propaganda having failed and its aims in ruins, the bureaucracy resorted to the traditional and criminal tactics of the ruling class – the tactic of â€Å"divide and rule†. In 1986 Zia-ul-haq dictatorship  began a series of brutal political assaults in Pakistan. The ruling class succeeded in generating racial  conflicts among workers, which  not only divided the workers but also weakened the labor movement. This tactic of â€Å"divide and rule† also affected Pakistan Steel. In 1988 the trade unions were divided on racial grounds which resulted in bloody hatred and ended  the traditional revolutionary unity of the unions. The labour movement was constantly harassed and its leadership degenerated and became demoralized. In 1992 Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif appointed a General, Sabeeh Qamar-uz-zaman, as chairman of Pakistan Steel. He was given the task of improving the situation and â€Å"normalizing† the working conditions. He imposed an undeclared ban on the trade unions at Pakistan Steel. Terror and the harassment  of the unions were  enforced in the name of discipline. An  internal security intelligence  unit, the  FIU, was also established and was headed by an army colonel. This notorious  intelligence unit discovered that 1500 workers were a â€Å"security risk†. These workers were punished and removed from their jobs. In 1995 Benazir Bhutto, in her second term in office, reinstated most of these workers. However not all of them were reinstated. During his second tenure in 1997, Nawaz Sharif  introduced  many reactionary anti-labour laws. The ex-chief of the FIU, Colonel Afzal, a batch mate of General Musharraf, was appointed as managing director of Pakistan Steel. This gentleman was twice suspended on corruption charges from his previous post as chief of the FIU, yet somehow he still merited the promotion to chairman. After Musharraf overthrew Nawaz Sharif in 1999, he introduced his â€Å"Seven Point Agenda† to the nation. Not surprisingly his top priority was the introduction of the brutal policies of rightsizing and downsizing, which in practice meant maximizing  unemployment. These policies  were sweetened with another Black Law: the Industrial Relations Ordinance 2000. In June 2000 the chairman of Pakistan Steel announced the immediate dismissal of 436 workers. The workers were informed in their dismissal orders that their services were no longer required. This was just the beginning however, and a new policy was enforced where workers were requested to enjoy the â€Å"benefits† of the VRP (Volunteer Retirement Policy). All of these laws and policies were exercised in the worst manner in Pakistan Steel; it became a model and an example to whole country, and to all workers and trade unions. 8500 jobs were ruthlessly cut by these barbaric policies. These sackings affected the workers deeply, and led to a change in consciousness. On December 31, 2001 the workers of Pakistan Steel organized a general strike against the anti-labor policies of the chairman and the government. The workers blocked all roads and access to the mill. On February 7, 2003 the workers again organized a strike. The authorities attempted to stop the strike by using the tactics of delay. But this only served to provoke the workers, and on March 8, 2003 the workers again blocked the roads. This time they also occupied the mill. This action paralyzed the authorities but unfortunately the struggle was lost because the workers were betrayed at the negotiating table by the trade union leadership. It was apparent that  this struggle could have galvanized the working class nationally  and that it could have found a mass basis. However, in the end it was drowned in petty compromises and conciliations. On December 30, 2003 Chairman Afzal was suddenly dismissed and again a General, Abdul Qayum was appointed as the new  chairman. He immediate gave the impression to the workers that the situation would be totally reversed and that the workers would not have to fear any  more suspensions or dismissals. He also announced an extension plan for Pakistan Steel that would create more jobs. However, just before initiating the extension plan, it was announced that Pakistan Steel would be privatised rather than proceed with the extension. This was a clear declaration of a severe attack on the rights of the workers. This was a clear attack  on their jobs and their working conditions. This declaration provoked 12,500 workers who are drawing the conclusion that they need to fight back. The government was not as lucky in the case of Pakistan Steel Mills as it had been with regard to certain other privatization deals.